![]() ![]() ![]() A bigger challenge is the dissolution of the intermediate reaction products, lithium-polysulfides (LiPs), into the electrolyte causing the well-known “shuttle-effect” 4. The insulating nature of both sulfur and the final discharge product, Li 2S, results in low material utilization during the redox processes. However, the current Li-S system is plagued by numerous challenges 4, 5. In addition, sulfur is both environmentally friendly and naturally abundant in the earth’s crust. Portal 2 pump station gamma control room portable#State of the art lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are attractive candidates for use in electric vehicles (EVs) and advanced portable electronic devices owing to an order of magnitude higher theoretical energy density than the conventional lithium-ion batteries (LIB) 1, 2, 3. We hope that this striking discovery of solid-to-solid reaction will trigger new fundamental and applied research in carbonate electrolyte Li-S batteries. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the synthesis of stable γ-sulfur and its application in Li-S batteries. Through electrochemical characterization and post-mortem spectroscopy/ microscopy studies on cycled cells, we demonstrate an altered redox mechanism in our cells that reversibly converts monoclinic sulfur to Li 2S without the formation of intermediate polysulfides for the entire range of 4000 cycles. Carbonates are known to adversely react with the intermediate polysulfides and shut down Li-S batteries in first discharge. Here, we stabilize a rare monoclinic γ-sulfur phase within carbon nanofibers that enables successful operation of Lithium-Sulfur (Li-S) batteries in carbonate electrolyte for 4000 cycles. However, these works utilize ether electrolytes that are highly volatile severely hindering their practicality. This past decade has seen extensive research in lithium-sulfur batteries with exemplary works mitigating the notorious polysulfide shuttling. ![]()
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